Automatic pencil

Last week's answer is "Carbon".Diamond is substance of carbon .
But we cannot use diamond to write . WHY? Because, diamond doesn't have same structure of black lead.The structure of black lead is very weak,so we can write by its peeling off and entering into fiber of paper . But ,you know,diamond is very hard.OK?
Let's watch movie!!"Remodeled automatic pencil　is useless"

Ｓｏｒｒｙ！Ｉｔ　is Japanese movie.This movie seemed to be stupid.
But, you can understand infinite potential of automatic pencil in this movie .If you have a time , I want you to make new automatic pencil. 

This week's topic is automatic pencil and I have two subtopics today.First, I introduce the history of automatic pencil in the world and in Japan.
①Keeran, in the USA, made 'Ever Sharp' public 100 years ago.

It is the first automatic pencil .And Hayakawa Kinzoku(the Japanese major company 'SHARP' at present) sold the first automatic pencil in Japan at the era of Taisyo.In 1960, Japanese company invented and sold knock system automatic pencil.There was no lead expect 0.9 mm lead in these days.So , automatic pencil cannot spread.But 0.5 mm lead was invented and it became to be daily thing.WHY?Because 0.5 mm lead is adequate to write in Japanese.Which size of lead do you use every day ?Maybe , you use 0.5 mm lead.
Second , I introduce  some troubles of  automatic pencil.

1.　You　can't  take out lead from automatic pencil.

First , make sure that there are some lead in lead tank and size of lead. You cannot use 0.7mm lead in 0.5mm automatic pencil .

Is pipe of point bent ? Did you drop or hammer your pencil ? If you did , the pipe transforms . In case that snapped lead  is  choken up , you should get off cone of its top by turnning left and remove ruin of leads from top .

2. Lead withdraw to automatic pencil.

The reason that short lead cannot catch lead fly .But , if your automatic pencil has long leads and withdraw happens , your automatic pencil dosen't have ability of holding lead or ruin of leads attaches to fly and makes it slippery.

3.Leads shakes , when you use automatic pencil .

When leads become short and catch on fly , only one pipe holds lead. So, leads shake. Long lead don't shake . Because long lead is holded by both pipe and fly .

4.Lead is easy to snap

Does your automatic pencil have loose top cone? Loose top cone causes snapping lead. And , make sure whether top pipe is bent or not.

Next week topic is "Automatic pencil part 2"
I want you to investigate automatic pencil yourself.
So , I make question for it .
Question
Please look below three pictures.
When you search "シャーペン（Sharpen/Automatic pencil）" in google , you will find only one of these pictures on web page.
Which is it???????Please search and check!!!!

①This picture is 龍蝦片


②This picture is pencil

 

 

 

 

③This picture is　koara

 

 

 

 

Ｐｅｎｃｉｌ

 

Ｌａｓｔ　ｗｅｅｋ’ｓ　ａｎｓｗｅｒ　ｉｓ　’Ｍａｋｉｆｕｄｅ’．Ｉｔ　ｈａｓ　ｒｏｏｔ　ｗｈｉｃｈ　ｉｓ　ｃｏｖｅｒｅｄ　ｗｉｔｈ　ｐａｐｅｒ．ＯＫ？
 Ｗｅｌｌ　，　ｐｌｅａｓｅ　ｗａｔｃｈ　ｔｈｅ　ｍｏｖｉｅ．

EXCELLENT!EXCELLENT!EXCELLENT!
Pencil has a variety of faces. Have you known ? This movie is one of the pencil art. When I watched it first time , I was surprised "Are they pencils ? Oh no ,　it is unbelievable ".I will be happy if you are interested in pencil after you watch this .
Today's main topic is Pencil.
I have three subtopic this week.

①Relationship with paper
Paper is made with infinite fine wood pulp.When people write paper in pencil , pencil lead is rubbed into the paper. In other words , black lead witch is chipped off with clay enter into the fiber of paper. Once it enter into paper , it isn't able to erase  by slight rubbing. The word that is written in paper and isn't able to erase is not able to write on plastic. For example , when you use pencil on plastic , pencil lead and clay are leaved on plastic.There is no guard on plastic , so black lead don't leave as words.

②The reason for paling words which were written by pencil.

Have you experienced some words you wrote in notebooks many years ago become obscure ?WHY?WHY?WHY?There is a reason in the way pencil lead enters into fiber of paper.Main element of black lead which is material of pencil lead is C(carbon).Carbon is pigment , so , strictly speaking , pencil lead is not enter into fiber of paper , but attaches to paper and it doesn't soak into the most deeply point of the paper . Especially , dark pencil lead has possibility of paling. If you want to prevent words from weathering , you need to cover paper with clear paint .

③The way of using pencil
Do you have confidence in your using pencil style ? I don't have , and I have ever seen many style . So I introduce perfect style.
Point①
First , you put your forefinger on 25mm from point of pencil .Second , you put your thumb on the behind of forefinger and put middle finger on the front of forefinger .You hold pencil by these fingers softly .You bend your third finger and little finger along midle finger .

Point②
You　hold pencil along your forefinger.
Point③
If you hold pencil by the right way , the stem of pencil will incline 60°　to　the paper. You should incline pencil 20° to right.

If you master this holding style , you will be able to wright beautiful words. And , when you become parent , you must teach the way of holding pencil .So , this lecture will be useful.


Question.
What is material of diamond ?

(Big hint! diamond is made from same thing witch is material of black lead)

ANSWER will be inserted in NEXT WEEK!!

Thank you for reading!
Have a nice WEEK!

HISTORY

I　introduce history !!!!
Do you know where pencil was  born?
Do you know who was the first user of eraser?
We don't know stationery's history , although  we use them every day!!
So let's learn history together !!

This　week , I choice two main theme.
①pencil
1.origin
In 1564,black material was discovered in M.t Borodel in the UK , and people tried to use it for writing!
The black material is black lead.
Do you know black lead ?
It is the material that is used for pencil lead,so people discovered they can wright with black lead and it became to use for writing .
But black lead make hands dirty ,so , in 1565 ,people put it into wood or  wrapped a cloth around it !
This is beginning of pencil !!!
2.happening
People had used black lead for 200 years.
But there were  no black lead in M.t Borobel in 1765.
Why?  →　People used up all black lead in M.t Borobel!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

Every thing has the end.......................................
NO!NO!NO!  Pencil revived !!
Napoleon commanded Nikoras Konte and Kasper Farver to revive black lead.
They collected pieces or powder of black lead in the other mountain and  mixed with clay to make pencil lead !!!
They also discovered the way to change thickness of lead.
How excellent its history!!!!

②Japanese Brush

1.origin
The story that a general Mouten in Qin(China) is the first maker of brush is very familiar with everyone. But , in fact , ancient Chinese inscriptions on bone and tortoise shell which was written by using brush in the era of In (BC1600~BC1028) was leaved , so it is familiar with some people that there have been brush since the era of In. More over there are some pattern which were seemed to be written by brush in neolithic pottery.

left：The replica of the oldest brush 'Nagasahude'

right：'Inobifude' it was discovered in the era of Kan.

 

2.In Japan
In , Japan ,  'Tenpyoufude' in Syousouin are the oldest Japanese brush and it is made of rabbit , deer ,  raccoon dog .
It is not sure that Brush came to Japan , but  according to  literature ,Japanese people started to make Brush until 'Taiohounennkann'(AC701~704)
In 812 , Kuukai gave mikado raccoon dog's brushes which was made in the way that was
called 'zouhituhou' and was born in Tou (China) .
So we can guess that high level skill came to Japan from China or Korea and it affected Japanese culture.
In these days , Japanese People came to begin making Japanese brush in the whole country and often use deer's brush which is suitable to write Hiragana.
 In Edo era , high quality brushes was made as side job of  samurai .
3.The change oh the manufacturing method and materials
 
Current main type of Brush (Mizufude , Musinfude) has started since Meiji era in Japan . this type can absorb black ink into the root.
Question.
What types do you think people had used until Meiji era ?

ANSWER will be inserted in  NEXT WEEK!!

Thank you for reading!
Have a nice WEEK!